Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Solar Cells Using Graphene Oxide-TiO₂-Polymer Hybrid Nanomaterials
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of reduced graphene oxide–zinc oxide (rGO–ZnO) polymer hybrid nanomaterials on the efficiency and environmental stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The hybrid films were prepared by incorporating rGO and ZnO into PTB7- and PVDF-based matrices and were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), current–voltage analysis, and accelerated aging tests. The results showed that the rGO–ZnO–PTB7 films exhibited about 25% higher visible-light absorption, while the rGO–ZnO–PVDF films showed about 22% improvement compared with the pure polymer films. PL intensity decreased by about 30% in PTB7-based films and 28% in PVDF-based films, indicating enhanced charge separation and reduced recombination. XRD analysis confirmed improved crystallinity through sharper and more intense diffraction peaks, while SEM images revealed smoother, denser, and more uniform morphologies with fewer voids and reduced agglomeration. In OSCs, the power conversion efficiency increased from 15.2% for pure PTB7 devices to 19.3–20.5% for rGO–ZnO–PTB7 devices. In PSCs, the efficiency increased from 14.3% for pure PVDF devices to 18.5–19.6% for rGO–ZnO–PVDF devices. Stability tests conducted at 85°C and 85% relative humidity for 500 hours showed that the hybrid OSCs and PSCs retained over 88% and 83% of their initial efficiencies, respectively. These findings confirm that rGO–ZnO hybrid nanomaterials are highly effective for improving both photovoltaic performance and long-term durability of next-generation solar cells.
How to Cite
Ravi, Rinka Tuteja, Sumit Yadav, "Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Solar Cells Using Graphene Oxide-TiO₂-Polymer Hybrid Nanomaterials", Vol. 3, Issue 9, 08-12-2025, pp. 1-21.
