| 1 |
Author(s):
Tamanna, Dr Sumit Yadav.
Page No : 1-13
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Plasmonic Nanostructure–Enhanced Next-Generation Photovoltaic Cells: Optical, Electrical, and Stability Performance Evaluation
Abstract
The conversion efficiency of thin-film and emerging photovoltaic technologies is frequently limited by incomplete photon absorption, reflection losses, and the trade-off between absorber thickness and charge-carrier collection. This paper evaluates a plasmonic light-management strategy for next-generation photovoltaic cells in which resonant metallic and nanostructured interfaces are used to increase optical path length and local electromagnetic-field intensity. The study is structured around the experimental framework proposed in the underlying doctoral synopsis: silver nanospheres, gold nanorods, aluminum nanoparticles, nanohole arrays, and plasmonic back-reflector structures are compared with a non-plasmonic control. Optical characterization is designed around UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, ellipsometry, electron microscopy, and external quantum-efficiency measurements, whereas electrical performance is assessed from current–voltage characteristics under AM 1.5G illumination. Finite-difference time-domain or finite-element modelling is used to relate nanoparticle geometry and placement to field enhancement, scattering, and active-layer absorption. Plasmonic architectures increase short-circuit current density more strongly than open-circuit voltage, indicating that the main benefit arises from improved light harvesting rather than a fundamental change in junction voltage. The plasmonic back reflector gives the largest power-conversion efficiency, followed by nanohole arrays and gold nanorods, while aluminum nanoparticles produce a smaller but potentially lower-cost enhancement. Spectral trends show the greatest benefit in weakly absorbed red and near-infrared wavelengths, where optical path-length enhancement is most valuable. The paper concludes that plasmonic engineering can provide a practical route to thinner, more strongly absorbing photovoltaic devices, provided that parasitic metal absorption, interfacial recombination, long-term stability, and manufacturability are controlled.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Anjli.
Page No : 14-29
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Global Climate Governance and International Institutions: Effectiveness, Implementation and Emerging Challenges
Abstract
Climate change is a transboundary governance problem in which scientific knowledge, international rule-making, finance, technology and national implementation are closely interdependent. This paper evaluates how international institutions shape global climate governance, how effectively the Paris architecture is translating collective goals into national action, and where institutional weaknesses continue to constrain implementation. The study adopts a qualitative documentary and comparative case-study design derived from the original synopsis, focusing on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the World Bank and climate-finance mechanisms. The analysis combines official agreements, IPCC assessments, UNFCCC nationally determined contribution (NDC) synthesis reports, OECD climate-finance data, and recent institutional reports. Results show that international institutions perform four indispensable functions: agenda setting and negotiation; scientific assessment; transparency and accountability; and mobilisation of finance and technical support. The Paris Agreement has achieved near-universal participation and has progressively strengthened the procedural architecture for national commitments, transparency and global stocktaking. New NDCs submitted in 2024–2025 show improved governance quality, with high shares of Parties reporting economy-wide targets, legal or policy frameworks and explicit links to the first Global Stocktake. Yet aggregate ambition and implementation remain inadequate for a 1.5°C-consistent pathway. Current policies still imply substantially higher 2030 emissions than both unconditional and conditional NDC pathways, while climate finance, despite surpassing the earlier USD 100 billion benchmark since 2022, remains far below the scale required for mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage and technology deployment. The paper concludes that the principal institutional problem is no longer absence of global rules, but the gap between negotiated commitments and domestic execution. Strengthening climate governance therefore requires more credible implementation mechanisms, predictable finance, transparent tracking, institutional coordination and equity-sensitive support for developing countries.
| 3 |
Author(s):
TANNU.
Page No : 30-43
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Optimizing Wireless Sensor Networks for Low-Latency and Secure Health Monitoring
Abstract
Continuous health monitoring increasingly relies on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) capable of acquiring and transmitting physiological data in real time while maintaining low energy use, reliable communication, and acceptable delay. These systems are important for remote patient supervision, chronic disease management, elderly care, emergency monitoring, and smart healthcare. However, conventional architectures often treat energy efficiency, communication performance, intelligent analysis, and cybersecurity separately, creating trade-offs such as rapid battery depletion, packet loss, delayed alerts, inaccurate anomaly detection, and security vulnerabilities.
This study designs and evaluates an integrated hybrid health-monitoring framework combining energy-aware clustering, adaptive routing, machine-learning-based anomaly detection, data fusion, and lightweight authenticated encryption. A simulation-based comparative design was used with wearable and ambient sensors monitoring heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation under varying node-density and traffic-load conditions. The proposed framework was compared with conventional LEACH and a security-enhanced LEACH variant.
In the 100-node scenario, the proposed framework achieved a network lifetime of 2,020 rounds versus 1,480 for LEACH, while reducing energy consumption from 72.4 J to 58.3 J. Packet delivery ratio increased from 91.8% to 98.1%, and latency decreased from 185 ms to 128 ms. Anomaly-detection accuracy reached 96.3%, while the security mechanism achieved an estimated 95% attack-resistance score. Performance remained stable under increased network density and traffic. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrated optimization of routing, analytics, energy, and security can improve WSN-based health monitoring, although validation using physical wearable devices, clinical datasets, and hospital-scale deployments remains necessary for practical implementation reliability.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Abhilasha Kumari, Sushila Kaura.
Page No : 44-60
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Bioanalytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of Teneligliptin and Rosuvastatin in plasma by RP-HPLC
Abstract
A simple, precise, and robust reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Teneligliptin (TGL) and Rosuvastatin (RVS) in plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of water–acetonitrile (50:50, pH 2.8 adjusted with formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detection was performed at 265 nm with a run time of 10 minutes. The retention times of TGL and RVS were 2.464 min and 7.733 min, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines for system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Linearity was observed in the range of 6–16 µg/mL for both drugs, with correlation coefficients of 0.9956 (TGL) and 0.9913 (RVS). Recovery studies demonstrated mean recoveries of 98.31% for TGL and 98.86% for RVS, confirming accuracy. Precision studies showed %RSD values below 0.2%, indicating excellent reproducibility. The LOD and LOQ were 0.92 µg/mL and 2.79 µg/mL for TGL, and 1.29 µg/mL and 3.91 µg/mL for RVS, respectively. The method proved to be specific, accurate, and reliable for bioanalytical applications, making it suitable for pharmacokinetic and clinical research studies.
