Green Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Ocimene-Loaded Pullulan Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Housefly Control
Abstract
This study developed β-ocimene-loaded pullulan nanoparticles (β-ONPs) as an eco-friendly insecticidal agent against Musca domestica using a green nanoemulsion technique. Optimized via Central Composite Design (CCD), the nanoparticles exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including an average size of 180.3 ± 12.7 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.234, zeta potential of -40.6 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency (85.6 ± 3.2%). Characterization by FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, and TEM confirmed the successful encapsulation of β-ocimene within the pullulan matrix, preserving its structural integrity while ensuring uniform morphology and colloidal stability. The nanoformulation demonstrated superior insecticidal efficacy compared to free β-ocimene, achieving 90–100% mortality in larvae and pupae at low concentrations (0.0004 M), alongside significant inhibition of adult emergence (18.3%) and dose-dependent morphological deformities (37%). The nanoparticles' stability was maintained for 60 days at room temperature, with minimal changes in particle size or zeta potential, highlighting pullulan's role as an effective polymeric carrier. Comparative bioassays revealed that nanoencapsulation enhanced β-ocimene's bioactivity by mitigating volatility and enabling controlled release. The study underscores the potential of β-ONPs as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides, combining high efficacy with environmental safety due to pullulan's biodegradability and low non-target toxicity. Future research should explore large-scale production, field applications, and molecular mechanisms to facilitate commercialization and integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. These findings advance the development of nanotechnology-driven, plant-based pest control solutions with reduced ecological impact.
How to Cite
Kanika, Ratish Chandra Mishra, "Green Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Ocimene-Loaded Pullulan Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Housefly Control", Vol. 3, Issue 1, 10-01-2025, pp. 13-36.
