| 1 |
Author(s):
Rachna, Menaka .
Page No : 1-12
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A Sensitive Analysis of Pandemic COVID-19 under SIR, SEIR, and SIS Models with Incorporation of Real-World Factors
Abstract
Accurate modelling of infectious disease spread is vital for informing timely and
effective public health responses. This study presents an enhanced epidemic modelling
framework using the classical SIR, SEIR, and SIS models, extended to incorporate real
world dynamics such as time-varying transmission rates, public health interventions,
and spatial heterogeneity. All models were developed and simulated in MATLAB,
integrating ordinary and partial differential equations to capture both temporal and
regional variations in disease transmission. Simulations demonstrated how changes in
policy—such as lockdown timing, mobility restrictions, and vaccination levels—
significantly influence epidemic trajectories. The models were validated against actual
COVID-19 and influenza data using nonlinear optimization and error analysis. Results
highlighted the importance of adaptive, data-driven strategies in epidemic control. This
research establishes MATLAB as a comprehensive platform for epidemic modelling
and provides a flexible, validated framework that can support both academic inquiry
and public health planning.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Manju Manju, Ruby Ruby, Namrata Namrata, Sulochana Kaushik.
Page No : 13-44
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Environmental and Human Health Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination in dust from children Park and Roadside in Rohtak, Haryana, India
Abstract
The research objectives are to compare and quantify heavy metal contamination, assess ecological risks, and evaluate human health risks
for adults and children from dust from children’s parks and roadsides in Rohtak. In this study evaluates the levels of heavy metals such
as Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Al in dust samples collected from roadsides and children parks in Rohtak. The Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to quantified concentration of heavy metals. The concentration was found to be Fe (1583.33 mg/kg), Zn
(302.499 mg/kg), Pb (74.647 mg/kg), Al (4000 mg/kg), Ni (60.67 mg/kg), Mn (1113.346 mg /kg), and Cu (66.251 mg /kg) in children
park dust samples. In road side dust sample, the mean concentration was Fe (14404.2 mg/kg), Zn (293.92 mg/kg), Pb (49.29 mg/kg), Al
(3333.33 mg/kg), Ni (37.85 mg/kg), Mn (1114.94 mg/kg), and Cu (32.917 mg/kg) Pb posed a considerable ecological threat, and Zn was
classified as highly contaminating. While non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children were within safe limits, carcinogenic risk,
particularly from Ni indicated a serious long-term health issue, especially for children. The study also aligns with multiple United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG-6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG
3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG-12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG-9 (Industry, Innovation, Technology, and
Infrastructure), and SDG-11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). This research suggests the need for effective pollution control and
sustainable urban planning in Haryana to mitigate health risks and improve environmental quality.
| 3 |
Author(s):
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Page No : 15-20
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| 4 |
Author(s):
Vikram Jha, Dr. Jayveer Singh.
Page No : 45-57
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Symbolism, Structure, and Cultural Synthesis of the Jain Kirti Stambh at Chittorgarh fort
Abstract
Chittorgarh Fort stands as an enduring symbol of Rajput valor and heritage, its majestic walls and palatial structures testifying to centuries of resistance and cultural achievement. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the fort spans nearly 700 acres and is renowned for its intricate temples, palaces, and victory towers, narrating stories of unmatched bravery and artistic excellence. Among its most iconic monuments is the Jain Kirti Stambh, a 13th–14th-century tower commissioned by the merchant Jija. This impressive 24-meter-high structure, dedicated to Adinath—the first Jain Tirthankara—showcases the era’s architectural prowess, with spiral staircases, ornate pillars, and detailed sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras. Unlike Kumbha’s later victory pillar, the Kirti Stambh’s triumph is spiritual, symbolizing mastery over human passions and exalting Jain tenets of non-violence. Its impressive artistry and layered iconography make it a cornerstone of Chittorgarh’s religious, cultural, and art historical landscape, revered by scholars and visitors alike. This paper aims to focus on art, architecture and historical significance of Jain Kirti Stambh in detail.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 58-70
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Metallic Ion-Enhanced Levofloxacin Nanocarriers: Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeting MDR Salmonella enterica
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains presents a growing threat to public health. This study investigates the fabrication and evaluation of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) nanoparticles as a metallic ion-enhanced carrier for the antibiotic levofloxacin, aimed at combating MDR Salmonella enterica. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel method, yielding particles with an average size of 241 ± 5 nm and a zeta potential of −40.76 ± 2 mV. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the uniformity and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. Levofloxacin was successfully loaded onto the MgO nanoparticles, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of 87–91%. The drug release profile, assessed in simulated body fluid at 37°C, indicated a controlled and sustained release over 24 hours, with an initial burst release of approximately 30% within the first 2 hours. In vitro antibacterial assays demonstrated that the MgO-levofloxacin nanotherapeutics exhibited a significant enhancement in antimicrobial activity against MDR Salmonella enterica strains, showing a 3.5-fold increase in zone of inhibition compared to free levofloxacin. The enhanced antibacterial effect is attributed to the combined action of levofloxacin and the ionic disruption of the bacterial membrane by MgO. These results suggest that MgO-based nanotherapeutics hold great promise as a novel approach to overcoming antibiotic resistance in MDR Salmonella enterica infections.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Sarga Devi, Anupam Goyal1.
Page No : 71-79
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Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytological Profiling of Cestrum benghalensis (L.) Leaves and Stem Bark: Baseline Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Use
Abstract
Cestrum benghalensis (L.), a perennial shrub from the Solanaceae family, holds promise in traditional medicine for treating infections, inflammation, and oxidative stress-related disorders due to its rich phytochemical profile. However, lack of standardized pharmacognostical parameters hinders its reliable use in herbal formulations. This study establishes comprehensive pharmacognostical standards for C. benghalensis leaves and stem bark through organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, powder microscopy, and physico-chemical evaluations. Organoleptic analysis revealed dark green ovate leaves with characteristic aromatic odor and bitter taste, while bark appeared brownish-gray with fibrous fracture. Microscopic features included anisocytic stomata, multicellular trichomes, paracytic stomata on bark, and lignified fibers. Powder microscopy showed calcium oxalate crystals, starch grains, and vessel elements as diagnostic markers. Physico-chemical constants indicated total ash (8.2 ± 0.5% for leaves, 10.1 ± 0.4% for bark), acid-insoluble ash (1.5 ± 0.2%, 2.1 ± 0.3%), water-soluble ash (3.8 ± 0.3%, 4.2 ± 0.2%), foreign matter (<1%), and moisture content (9.5 ± 0.6%, 8.2 ± 0.5%). These reproducible parameters provide baseline quality control markers to authenticate, differentiate from adulterants, and standardize crude drug material. This foundational work supports future phytochemical, quantitative, and pharmacological studies, aligning with WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Shalini Saini.
Page No : 80-92
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Stimuli-Responsive Smart Nanocarriers Targeting Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are among the most urgent antimicrobial resistance threats due to the widespread dissemination of mobile carbapenemase genes (e.g., blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaVIM) and the resulting failure of last-line β-lactam therapies. This work presents a stimuli-responsive smart nanocarrier platform engineered for infection-site–triggered release and intracellular delivery of gene-silencing payloads targeting carbapenem resistance determinants. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were formulated by nanoprecipitation and functionalized to enhance bacterial association while maintaining colloidal stability. Particles exhibited nanoscale size (145 ± 12 nm), narrow dispersity, and high encapsulation efficiency (>80%). In vitro release studies demonstrated accelerated cargo release under acidic conditions representative of infected microenvironments (pH 5.5) compared with physiological pH (7.4). Across three CRE clinical isolates, smart nanocarrier treatment produced substantial growth inhibition and a marked reduction in bacterial burden (~4.6–5.4 log10 decrease versus baseline), accompanied by significant downregulation of resistance-gene expression measured by qPCR. Cytotoxicity testing in mammalian cells showed high viability at therapeutically relevant nanocarrier concentrations. Collectively, these results support stimuli-responsive gene-targeted nanocarriers as a promising precision strategy to mitigate CRE resistance mechanisms.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Nusarath Jaha Gurramkonda, Suresh Jat.
Page No : 93-113
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Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Conventional Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Motor, Cognitive and Psychosocial Recovery
Abstract
Background: Stroke is a major cause of long-term adult disability, and rehabilitation services are under pressure to deliver repetitive, meaningful, and measurable therapy within limited clinical time. Virtual reality (VR) may increase practice intensity, feedback, motivation and task specificity, but the clinical value of VR depends on whether it improves outcomes beyond ordinary therapy rather than merely making therapy appear modern.
Objective: This research paper evaluates the effectiveness of immersive VR added to usual rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, focusing on upper limb motor function, cognition, activity limitation, engagement, mood and safety.
Methods: A comparative, assessor-blinded, eight-week rehabilitation study design is presented using two parallel groups: VR plus usual care and usual rehabilitation alone. Adults in the subacute or early chronic stage after stroke received matched contact time, with outcomes measured at baseline, eight weeks and three months. Primary outcome was Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity score. Secondary outcomes included Wolf Motor Function Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Stroke Impact Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, motivation visual analogue score, adherence and adverse events.
Results: The modelled findings show greater improvement in the VR group for upper limb motor recovery, cognitive screening, activity participation and motivation. The VR group improved by 12.6 points on Fugl-Meyer at eight weeks compared with 6.8 points in usual rehabilitation, and retained a larger mean gain at three months. Adherence was higher in VR sessions, while adverse events were minor and transient.
Conclusion: Immersive VR should be treated as a structured adjunct to evidence-based rehabilitation, not as a replacement for therapist-led care. Its strongest value lies in increasing meaningful practice dose, feedback and engagement when embedded within clinical reasoning, safety screening and individualized goal setting.
