| 1 |
Author(s):
Rashmi, Dr Neeraj Sethi.
Page No : 1-11
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Development and Characterization of Copper–Levofloxacin Nanoparticles: In-Vitro Evaluation Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis, optimization, and characterization of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the antibiotic levofloxacin, aiming to enhance its activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CuO NPs were synthesized via a precipitation method, and levofloxacin was incorporated into the nanoparticles. Optimization of the formulation was conducted by varying copper precursor concentration (0.1–0.5 M), pH (9–10), reaction temperature (60–80°C), and the levofloxacin-to-CuO NP ratio (1:2 to 1:6). The optimized CuO-levofloxacin nanoparticle formulation (Cu-LF-NPs) showed a particle size of approximately 82 ± 5 nm with a zeta potential of -18 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 75%. In-vitro antibacterial testing revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4–8 µg/mL for Cu-LF-NPs against MDR P. aeruginosa, compared to 8–16 µg/mL for free levofloxacin and 64 µg/mL for bare CuO-NPs. Time-kill kinetics demonstrated >99% bacterial reduction within 6 hours at 2× MIC of Cu-LF-NPs, whereas free levofloxacin achieved a similar reduction only at 12 hours. Furthermore, biofilm inhibition assays showed >50% reduction in biofilm formation with Cu-LF-NPs, compared to ~30% for free levofloxacin and ~20% for CuO-NPs. These results suggest that CuO-levofloxacin nanoparticles significantly enhance the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin, offering a promising approach to combat MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Rahul, Sejal Soni .
Page No : 12-22
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Enhancing Employability Outcomes: The Role of Skill Development in Aligning Education with Industry Needs
Abstract
Graduate employability has become a central concern for higher education systems because employers increasingly expect more than disciplinary knowledge alone. Across the literature, employability is presented as a broader construct that includes technical competence, communication, teamwork, adaptability, emotional intelligence, and the capacity to learn continuously in changing labor markets. Recent studies also show a recurring mismatch between employers’ expectations and the skills many graduates possess at the point of entry into work. This paper examines how skill development can narrow that gap and improve the alignment between educational provision and industry needs. It uses a conceptual review approach, drawing on recent and foundational literature on employability, higher education, work-readiness, and university–industry collaboration. The paper finds that employability improves most when institutions integrate technical, digital, and transferable skills into curriculum design, teaching practice, assessment, and work-integrated learning. It also finds that industry–academia partnerships strengthen employability by making curricula more relevant, giving students exposure to professional expectations, and improving transitions from study to work. The paper concludes that graduate employability should be understood as a shared responsibility among universities, employers, policymakers, and students. A more responsive, partnership-based, and skills-oriented model of higher education is therefore essential for improving employment outcomes and reducing the education–employment gap.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Jyoti.
Page No : 23-33
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हरियाणा में 20वीं सदी के दौरान महिला शिक्षा का विकास और उसका सामाजिक-ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण
Abstract
महिला शिक्षा किसी भी समाज की प्रगति, सामाजिक चेतना, आर्थिक उन्नति और सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन का आधार मानी जाती है। जब महिलाएँ शिक्षित होती हैं, तब उसका प्रभाव केवल व्यक्तिगत स्तर तक सीमित नहीं रहता, बल्कि परिवार, समुदाय और आने वाली पीढ़ियों तक पहुँचता है। हरियाणा, जो लंबे समय तक परंपरागत सामाजिक संरचना, पितृसत्तात्मक मूल्यों और ग्रामीण जीवन-व्यवस्था के प्रभाव में रहा, वहाँ महिला शिक्षा का विकास एक धीमी किंतु महत्त्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक प्रक्रिया के रूप में सामने आता है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य 20वीं सदी के दौरान हरियाणा में महिला शिक्षा के विकास, उसकी ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि, सामाजिक और आर्थिक अवरोधों, सुधारवादी प्रयासों, राज्य की नीतियों तथा उसके सामाजिक प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है. अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि 20वीं सदी के प्रारंभिक चरण में हरियाणा में महिला शिक्षा अत्यंत सीमित थी। सामाजिक रूढ़ियाँ, बाल विवाह, पर्दा-प्रथा, विद्यालयों की कमी, महिला शिक्षकों का अभाव और आर्थिक सीमाओं ने लड़कियों की शिक्षा को बाधित किया। समय के साथ आर्य समाज जैसे सुधार आंदोलनों, स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन, स्वतंत्रता-उपरांत संवैधानिक मूल्यों, तथा विशेषतः हरियाणा राज्य गठन के बाद सरकारी प्रयासों ने महिला शिक्षा को गति प्रदान की। परिणामस्वरूप महिला शिक्षा ने सामाजिक स्थिति, स्वास्थ्य-जागरूकता, पारिवारिक निर्णय-क्षमता, आर्थिक भागीदारी और महिला सशक्तिकरण को नए आयाम दिए।
| 4 |
Author(s):
Sakshi Sharma, Mamta Sharma.
Page No : 34-45
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Artificial Intelligence-Driven Threat Intelligence for Real-Time Cyber Attack Detection: A Hybrid Machine Learning Framework
Abstract
The growing complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks have exposed the limitations of conventional security systems that rely on signatures, static rules, and manual threat analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven threat intelligence has emerged as a promising solution for improving the speed, accuracy, and adaptability of cyber-attack detection in real time. This study investigates the role of machine learning and deep learning techniques in enhancing cyber threat detection and proposes a hybrid AI-based framework for real-time attack identification. A quantitative experimental design was adopted using cybersecurity datasets consisting of network traffic records, intrusion detection logs, and malware behavior traces. The proposed model combines Random Forest for structured feature-based classification and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for temporal sequence learning. Performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, false positive rate, and detection latency. The hybrid model outperformed traditional signature-based systems and single-model baselines, achieving an accuracy of 98.1%, recall of 97.4%, F1-score of 97.7%, and a false positive rate of 2.3%. The findings indicate that AI-driven threat intelligence significantly improves real-time detection capability, reduces false alarms, and supports proactive cyber defense. The study contributes a scalable and adaptable framework for intelligent cybersecurity operations across enterprise and cloud environments.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Rakesh Kumar , Dharmendra Ahuja,, Sushila Kaura .
Page No : 46-60
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Smart Interventions to Enhance Voluntary Blood Donation Attitudes and Reduce Deferrals in Haryana: Evidence-Based Strategies and Pharmacist-Led Guidelines
Abstract
Background: Haryana, India faces persistent blood shortages despite national collection gains, driven by suboptimal voluntary donation rates (~42%) and high temporary deferrals. This conceptual strategy paper synthesized primary data from 5,000 donor records (2019-2024) across three Hisar blood banks with 40 literature studies to identify intervention priorities.
Methods: PRISMA-ScR-guided narrative synthesis integrated retrospective deferral analysis (n=1,240 cases, 24.8% rate) with KAP scoping review (27 studies, n=18,450). Thematic analysis (NVivo v14) prioritized modifiable targets; logic modeling projected outcomes. Pharmacist-led protocols were developed per synopsis objectives.
Results: Temporary deferrals predominated (87%), led by anaemia (35.2%) and low weight (19.8%)—55% of pre-donation exclusions. KAP synthesis revealed implementation gaps (knowledge 62%, practice 41%), with myths (weakness 42%, infertility 28%) correlating strongly with deferrals (r=0.68). Voluntary donors showed superior safety (23.1% vs 34.2% deferrals). Four themes emerged: barriers, motivators (altruism 85%), deferral causes, and proven solutions (counselling +20-30% KAP).
Conclusions: Five evidence-based packages were prioritized: myth-busting IEC campaigns, donor counselling, nutritional triage, staff training, and pharmacist-led medication screening (14.7% deferrals). Logic model projected 20-30% deferral reduction and 60% voluntary target within 12-18 months via Hisar pilot. Pharmacist integration uniquely addresses nutritional/pharmacological gaps feasibly within resource constraints, fulfilling synopsis mandate for "smart approaches" to enhance voluntary attitudes and minimize deferrals. Immediate implementation promises equitable blood access and national replicability.
| 6 |
Author(s):
तनु चौधरी.
Page No : 61-65
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संगीत एवं अन्य ललित कलाओं के बीच सामंजस्य
Abstract
मानव सभ्यता के आरंभ से ही सौंदर्य के प्रति मनुष्य का आकर्षण रहा है, जिसने कला के उद्भव का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। कला, मानव की आंतरिक सौंदर्य भावना और भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति का एक महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम है। मनुष्य अनेक भावनाओं और संवेदनाओं का एक जटिल समुच्चय है। जब ये भावनाएँ किसी हृदय-स्थल पर सक्रिय होकर उसे सुलझाने का प्रयास करती हैं, तो उस समय उसका आंतरिक और बाह्य शरीर प्रभावित होता है और वह एक नई अनुभूति की अवस्था में पहुँच जाता है। ऐसी स्थिति में मनुष्य का समस्त व्यक्तित्व केवल अनुभूति में बदल जाता है। इसी अनुभूति की अभिव्यक्ति को हम कला कह सकते हैं, और जिन कलाओं में ललितता का तत्व विद्यमान रहता है, उन्हें ललित कलाएँ कहा जाता है।
ललित कलाओं का उद्देश्य सौंदर्य- अनुभूति के क्षेत्र का सृजन करना है। ललित कलाओं का विभाजन चित्रकला, मूर्तिकला, वास्तुकला, काव्यकला और संगीतकला के आधार पर किया गया है। इन सभी ललित कलाओं का क्षेत्र व्यापक और विस्तृत है। इनमें संगीत सबसे सूक्ष्म तथा भावप्रधान विशेषताओं से युक्त है। संगीत का संबंध सभी कलाओं से है। सभी कलाओं के गुण और लक्षण समान होते हैं, क्योंकि सभी ललित कलाओं का लक्ष्य एक ही है।
काव्य और संगीत दोनों कलाओं में अलंकारों का प्रयोग होता है। काव्य का आधार शब्द है और संगीत का आधार स्वर है। दोनों की अभिव्यक्ति का मूल स्थान नाद है। काव्य शब्दों के रूप में संगीत है और संगीत स्वरों के रूप में कविता है। इसी प्रकार स्थापत्य कला और संगीत में भी संतुलन, संयोजन और व्यवस्था का गहरा संबंध है। मूर्तिकला और संगीत में भी भावाभिव्यक्ति, गति, लय और सौंदर्य का समान प्रभाव दिखाई देता है। चित्रकला में रंग, रेखा और भावों की अभिव्यक्ति संगीत के समान ही सूक्ष्म रूप में प्रकट होती है। इस प्रकार संगीत का अन्य ललित कलाओं से घनिष्ठ संबंध है।
| 7 |
Author(s):
Akansha Bhadouria, Sushila Kaura.
Page No : 66-94
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Antiulcer Activity of Combretum indicum (Woody Stem) and Thevetia peruviana (Flowers):
Abstract
Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a global gastrointestinal disorder affecting about 5–10% of the population. It occurs due to an imbalance between aggressive factors such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, and reactive oxygen species, and protective factors such as the mucus-bicarbonate barrier and prostaglandins. Limitations of synthetic antiulcer drugs, including rebound acid hypersecretion, drug resistance, vitamin deficiencies, and infection risk, have increased the need for safer plant-based gastroprotective agents. This study comparatively evaluated the gastroprotective, antiulcer, and antioxidant effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Combretum indicum woody stem and Thevetia peruviana flowers in Wistar albino rats.
Methodology: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared through maceration and Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant assays were performed. Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to OECD Guideline 423. Antiulcer activity was evaluated in pylorus ligation, ethanol-induced, and cold restraint stress-induced ulcer models. Gastric parameters, ulcer index, percentage protection, mucus content, glycoproteins, antioxidant markers, and histopathology were analysed.
Results: The ethanolic extract of Combretum indicum showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content and strongest antioxidant activity. All extracts were practically non-toxic, with LD₅₀ greater than 2000 mg/kg. Combretum indicum ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg produced the highest ulcer protection in all models and showed results comparable to sucralfate. It restored gastric mucus, improved glycoproteins, reduced MDA, and enhanced SOD, CAT, and GSH activities. Histopathology showed near-normal gastric mucosal structure.
Conclusion: Both plant extracts showed multi-mechanistic gastroprotection through acid regulation, mucus protection, cytoprotection, antioxidant defence, and anti-inflammatory effects. Combretum indicum ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg appears to be a promising herbal antiulcer agent.
