| 1 |
Author(s):
Shilpa Mittal.
Page No : 1-9
|
Reconstructing Language, Identity, and Power in Postcolonial English Novels
Abstract
Postcolonial literature examines the enduring effects of colonialism on culture, identity, and systems of representation. Among its central concerns are the politics of language, the construction of identity, and the operation of power in literary discourse. English, once imposed as a colonial language, becomes in postcolonial fiction both a reminder of domination and a tool of resistance. This paper explores how postcolonial English novels reconstruct identity through the reinterpretation of language and the challenge to imperial authority. Drawing on the ideas of Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, the paper analyzes how language functions as a site of conflict and creativity in selected postcolonial texts. Through discussion of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea, and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, the study argues that postcolonial writers transform English into a medium through which silenced histories are voiced, fragmented identities are negotiated, and colonial power is contested. The paper concludes that postcolonial English fiction does not merely reflect colonial aftermath but actively reconstructs cultural meaning and literary authority.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 1-10
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Investigating the Role of Teachers in Supporting Students Through Transitions Brought by the National Education Policy 2020
Abstract
The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) introduces major structural and pedagogical reforms within India’s school and higher‐education systems—such as the 5+3+3+4 school structure, foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) mission, multidisciplinary and flexible curricula, assessment reform, teacher professional development and digital integration. This paper examines the critical role of teachers in helping students navigate the transitions engendered by these reforms. Specifically, it explores how teachers’ roles are changing, what support they require to effectively guide students through change (curriculum, assessment, pedagogy, technology), and what constraints hamper that role. Drawing on literature on teacher professional development and transformation under NEP 2020, the paper offers a framework of teacher responsibilities and enablers/barriers in the context of student transition, and provides recommendations to strengthen teacher support systems. The analysis finds that while NEP 2020 rightly places teachers at the centre of change, success will depend on robust in service training, domain specific mentoring, time and resource allocation, as well as systemic support for teacher well being and adaptive capacity.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Rajni Singh*, Devesh Mishra.
Page No : 1-11
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Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Evaluation of Tamoxifen-Loaded Moronic Acid Nanoparticles: A Multifunctional Approach for Cancer Therapeutics
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of tamoxifen-loaded moronic acid nanoparticles (TAM-MA NPs), a novel nanoformulation previously developed for enhanced anticancer efficacy. TAM-MA NPs were synthesized using a solvent evaporation method and characterized for size, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency. In-vitro assays revealed a significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and erythrocyte membrane lysis, indicating strong anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, TAM- MA NPs demonstrated potent antioxidant activity across DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. At the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL), the formulation achieved 86.3% protein denaturation inhibition, 82.7% membrane stabilization, and 186.4 µg AAE/mg TAC. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of all findings (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that TAM-MA NPs offer multifunctional therapeutic potential by simultaneously addressing oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby enhancing their value in cancer management
| 4 |
Author(s):
Rajni Singh*, Devesh Mishra.
Page No : 1-13
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Moronic Acid Nanoparticles: A Multidimensional Study on Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Efficacy
Abstract
In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of Doxorubicin-loaded Moronic Acid Nanoparticles (Dox-MA NPs) by evaluating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is known for its systemic toxicity, including cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. By encapsulating doxorubicin within Moronic acid-based nanoparticles, we aimed to provide controlled drug release, thereby reducing toxic side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent evaporation method and characterized for their size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the hemoglobin method, and anticancer activity was tested using MTT cell viability assays in MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The results indicated a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with Dox-MA NPs demonstrating significant cytotoxicity in both cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that Dox-MA NPs have promising therapeutic potential in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer cell viability. Further optimization of the formulation is needed to enhance their consistency and efficacy for clinical applications.
| 5 |
Author(s):
gfhgf, HFGTH.
Page No : 10-15
|
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Abstract
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| 6 |
Author(s):
Rajni Singh*, Devesh Mishra.
Page No : 12-27
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Development and Characterization of Doxorubicin-Loaded Moronic Acid Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery and Enhanced Stability
Abstract
Objective Doxorubicin-loaded moronic acid nanoparticles (Dox-MA NPs) were developed to improve the controlled release of doxorubicin, reducing systemic toxicity while enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the stability and drug release behavior of these nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods Moronic acid was used as the polymeric material for nanoparticle formulation, and doxorubicin hydrochloride was encapsulated using a solvent evaporation method. Characterization was performed using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for interaction analysis. Encapsulation efficiency and drug release profiles were assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
Results The Dox-MA NPs exhibited a particle size of 120 nm, a narrow PDI of 0.25, and a stable zeta potential of -35 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 85%, indicating effective drug loading. SEM and TEM analysis confirmed spherical nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. FTIR results showed interactions between doxorubicin and moronic acid. In-vitro release studies demonstrated a controlled, sustained release over 48 hours, fitting a diffusion- controlled mechanism. Stability studies showed that the nanoparticles stored at 4°C maintained their stability, with no significant changes in particle size, PDI, or encapsulation efficiency over 90 days. At higher temperatures (25°C and 37°C), the nanoparticles exhibited instability, with aggregation and accelerated drug release.
Conclusion
Dox-MA NPs demonstrated favorable characteristics for controlled drug delivery, with optimal stability at 4°C, suggesting their potential for improving the therapeutic profile of doxorubicin while reducing side effects.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Kanika, Ratish Chandra Mishra.
Page No : 13-36
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Green Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Ocimene-Loaded Pullulan Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Housefly Control
Abstract
This study developed β-ocimene-loaded pullulan nanoparticles (β-ONPs) as an eco-friendly insecticidal agent against Musca domestica using a green nanoemulsion technique. Optimized via Central Composite Design (CCD), the nanoparticles exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including an average size of 180.3 ± 12.7 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.234, zeta potential of -40.6 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency (85.6 ± 3.2%). Characterization by FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, and TEM confirmed the successful encapsulation of β-ocimene within the pullulan matrix, preserving its structural integrity while ensuring uniform morphology and colloidal stability. The nanoformulation demonstrated superior insecticidal efficacy compared to free β-ocimene, achieving 90–100% mortality in larvae and pupae at low concentrations (0.0004 M), alongside significant inhibition of adult emergence (18.3%) and dose-dependent morphological deformities (37%). The nanoparticles' stability was maintained for 60 days at room temperature, with minimal changes in particle size or zeta potential, highlighting pullulan's role as an effective polymeric carrier. Comparative bioassays revealed that nanoencapsulation enhanced β-ocimene's bioactivity by mitigating volatility and enabling controlled release. The study underscores the potential of β-ONPs as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides, combining high efficacy with environmental safety due to pullulan's biodegradability and low non-target toxicity. Future research should explore large-scale production, field applications, and molecular mechanisms to facilitate commercialization and integration into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. These findings advance the development of nanotechnology-driven, plant-based pest control solutions with reduced ecological impact.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Aanchal Walia, , Dr Aditi Rikhari.
Page No : 14-35
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Therapeutic impact of lablab beans (Lablab purpureus) on anxiety like behaviour in adolescent
Abstract
Lablab beans (Lablab Purpureus), also known as hyacinth or field beans, are a leguminous crop widely recognized for their nutritional, environmental, and medicinal properties. Native to tropical Africa and cultivated across Asia, especially in drought-prone regions, these beans are rich in protein, fibre, and essential minerals like iron and calcium, offering a valuable food source in areas with limited access to animal-based proteins. Additionally, Lablab beans are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have suggested that specific compounds within Lablab beans may influence neurotransmitter systems, particularly by affecting the GABAergic system, which plays a key role in regulating stress and anxiety
| 9 |
Author(s):
hgjnghj, ghjg.
Page No : 15-20
|
This is test 2
Abstract
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| 10 |
Author(s):
Mangat Ram.
Page No : 28-36
|
Exploring the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives of Commercial Banks in Haryana
Abstract
This research paper explores the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives of commercial banks in Haryana, India, focusing on their scope, implementation, and impact on local communities. The study examines various CSR activities, such as education, healthcare, financial inclusion, and environmental sustainability, implemented by commercial banks in the state. The paper also analyzes how these initiatives align with India’s regulatory framework under the Companies Act 2013, which mandates companies to allocate a portion of their profits to CSR activities. Using a mixed-methods approach, including interviews with CSR managers and analysis of CSR reports, the study evaluates how these initiatives contribute to social well-being and corporate growth. Findings suggest that banks in Haryana have positively impacted rural communities through initiatives like scholarships, medical camps, renewable energy projects, and financial literacy programs. However, challenges such as limited scope, lack of transparency, and misalignment with local needs hinder the effectiveness of CSR efforts. The paper recommends enhancing transparency, broadening the scope of initiatives, and aligning efforts with community-specific needs for better long-term sustainability. This study provides valuable insights into CSR practices in Haryana’s banking sector and offers recommendations to improve the alignment of corporate responsibility with community development goals, contributing to the body of knowledge on CSR in banking.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Mangat Ram.
Page No : 36-49
|
Navigating the Storm: Analyzing the Volatility of Global Stock Markets in 2025
Abstract
The year 2025 has been one of the most volatile periods for global stock markets in recent history, characterized by dramatic shifts triggered by geopolitical tensions, macroeconomic policy changes, and rapid fluctuations in investor sentiment. This paper explores the causes and consequences of the market’s ups and downs, with a particular focus on the crash of April 2025 that was precipitated by a sudden announcement of sweeping U.S. tariffs on imported goods. This announcement sent shockwaves across major global indices— wiping out trillions of dollars in market capitalization within days. However, the year was not marked solely by decline; it also witnessed remarkable resilience. By mid-year, many indices had rebounded significantly due to easing of trade tensions, strong corporate earnings in select sectors, and accommodative policy
responses by central banks. This research systematically reviews the market
| 12 |
Author(s):
Shalini Saini.
Page No : 37-53
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AI-Engineered Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Quorum Sensing Disruption in Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant biofilms represent a major challenge because their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and altered physiology reduce susceptibility to standard antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS) coordinates biofilm maturation, virulence factor secretion, and stress tolerance through autoinducer signaling. Here, we describe an artificial intelligence (AI)-guided workflow to design metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF-NPs) optimized for QS disruption (“quorum quenching”) and antibiofilm activity. A supervised learning model prioritized MOF features (metal node, linker chemistry, pore size, surface charge, hydrophilicity, and functional groups) that maximize QS signal suppression and biofilm inhibition. AI-recommended MOF-NPs were synthesized, functionalized with an AHL-lactonase quorum-quenching enzyme and/or QS-interfering ligands, then evaluated against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The optimized MOF-NPs showed strong QS signal reduction and substantial decreases in biofilm biomass, viable counts, and EPS components, supporting AI-guided MOF engineering as a promising antibiofilm strategy.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Saroj Bala, Jaswant Singh .
Page No : 37-57
|
गुमनाम नायिकाएँ: भारतीि स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में उपेक्षित महिला सेनायनिों और संगठनात्मक िोगदान का पुनमूमलिांकन
Abstract
भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के इततहास में जहााँ प्रमुख रूप से पुरुष नेताओं की गाथाएाँ उभरकर सामने आई हैं, वहkं महहलाओं का योगदान अपेक्षाकृत उपेक्षक्षत रहा है। अनेक महहलाएं बिना ककसी पद या मान्यता के स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में सकिय रहkं, लेककन उन्हें केवल "सहयोगी" के रूप में चिबत्रत ककया गया। उषा मेहता ने गुप्त रेडियो के माध्यम से जनिेतना फैलाने का जोखखम उठाया, भचगनी तनवेहदता ने महहला शिक्षा और सांस्कृततक जागरण में भूशमका तनभाई, और मदालसा रॉय ने कम्युतनस्ट आंदोलन के माध्यम से मजदूर महहलाओं को संगहठत ककया। इसी तरह भारत माता सशमतत और महहला कांग्रेस जैसे संगठनों ने महहलाओं को राजनीततक और सामाजजक रूप से जागरूक करने का कायय ककया। ग्रामीण महहलाएं प्रत्यक्ष ववरोध जैसे कर न देना, जंगल कानून तोड़ना, आहद आंदोलनों में सकिय रहkं, जिकक िहरk महहलाएं सभाओं, रैशलयों और संगठनों के माध्यम से आंदोलन से जुड़ीं। उन्हें सामाजजक ततरस्कार का सामना भी करना पड़ा, कफर भी उन्होंने िाल वववाह, स्त्री शिक्षा और सामाजजक असमानताओं के खखलाफ आवाज उठाई। इततहास लेखन में अि भी कई िोध अंतराल िने हुए हैं — जैसे गुमनाम महहला नेताओं के नेतृत्व का अभाव, संगठनात्मक दस्तावेजों की अनुपलब्धता, और क्षेत्रीय (वविेषतः पूवोत्तर और दक्षक्षण भारत) महहलाओं की उपेक्षा। तनष्कषयतः, इन गुमनाम नातयकाओं और संगठनों के योगदान का पुनमूयलयांकन आवश्यक है। उनका संघषय स्वतंत्रता की
िुतनयाद है, और उसे आज की पीढk तक पहुाँिाना इततहास के प्रतत ईमानदारk और सामाजजक न्याय का कायय है।
| 14 |
Author(s):
Anju, Sandeep Kumar.
Page No : 50-65
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Engineered MgO–Doxycycline Nanocomposites for Improved Antibacterial Performance
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigates magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles synthesized in combination with doxycycline to enhance antimicrobial efficacy. MgO- doxycycline nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation method, optimized for particle size, stability, and drug loading efficiency. Characterization studies confirmed successful nanoparticle formation with an average particle size of 72.5 nm, a zeta potential of +28.4 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.221, indicating uniform particle distribution. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic peaks at 460 cm⁻¹ (Mg-O stretching) and 1642 cm⁻¹ (doxycycline carbonyl group), confirming successful drug incorporation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated strong diffraction peaks at 2θ = 36.8°, 42.9°, and 62.3°, signifying high crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited spherical morphology with well-defined surfaces. Drug release studies in simulated intestinal fluid demonstrated sustained release, with 82.3% of doxycycline released over 24 hours. In vitro antimicrobial assays against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi revealed a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL. The MgO- doxycycline nanoparticle system thus demonstrates potential as an effective therapeutic agent for combating antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhi, warranting further investigation in vivo.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Vivek Kumar Saini.
Page No : 57-64
|
Ocean Acidification and Its Impact on Marine Biodiversity: Ecological Consequences and Future Perspectives
Abstract
Ocean acidification has emerged as one of the most serious environmental issues affecting marine ecosystems
in the twenty-first century. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrialization
results into rapid increase in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) has altered the chemistry of oceans
to a significant level. Carbon dioxide released from source reaches to one of the sink i.e. oceans which absorb
nearly one third of the anthropogenic CO₂ released into the atmosphere. When carbon dioxide mixes with
seawater, forms carbonic acid which subsequently dissociated into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The
hydrogen ions released in sea water increase the pH level of sea water and alters the carbonate balance essential
for marine life. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the average pH of surface ocean waters has
decreased from approximately 8.2 to about 8.1. Although this change appears small, it represents nearly a 30%
increase in ocean acidity and indicates a significant shift in ocean chemistry. This chemical alteration reduces
the availability of carbonate ions which is required by marine organism for the formation of calcium carbonate
shells and skeletons. Acidification of oceans mainly affects the calcifying organism like corals, mollusks and
other certain plankton species. Under acidic conditions, low calcification rates, reduced growth, weakened
shells and physiological stress has been observed. In addition to ecological impacts, ocean acidification also
threatens fisheries, aquaculture industries, and coastal economies that depend on marine biodiversity.
Therefore, understanding the causes, mechanisms, and ecological consequences of ocean acidification is
essential for developing effective conservation strategies and sustainable marine management policies in the
context of global climate change.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Saroj Bala, Jaswant Singh .
Page No : 58-71
|
भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महिलाओं की भूममका: नेतृत्व, संघर्ष और सामाजिक पुनर्नषमाषण की दृजटि से ववश्लेर्ण
Abstract
यह शोध भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महहलाओं की बहुआयामी भूममका का ववश्लेषण करता है, जिसमें उनका रािनीततक नेतृत्व, क्ांततकारी भागीदारी, और सामाजिक सुधारों में योगदान को केंद्र में रखा गया है। प्राचीन सामाजिक रूह़ियों और उपतनवेशी दमन के बीच महहलाओं ने अपने साहस, संगठन क्षमता और ववचारों के माध्यम से आंदोलन को एक समग्र सामाजिक क्ांतत में पररवततित कर हदया। इस अध्ययन में सरोजिनी नायडू, ववियलक्ष्मी पंडडत, रानी लक्ष्मीबाई, सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान, साववत्रीबाई फुले और अन्य अनेक महहला सेनातनयों की भूममकाओं को ववश्लेवषत ककया गया है, जिन्होंने न केवल स्वतंत्रता की लडाई लडी, बजकक मशक्षा, सामाजिक समानता और स्त्री चेतना की नींव रखी। गांधीिी के नेतृत्व में महहलाओं की भागीदारी में िो अभूतपूवि वृद्धध हुई, उसने उन्हें सामाजिक एवं रािनीततक आंदोलन का सशक्त स्तंभ बना हदया। यह शोध यह तनष्कषि प्रस्तुत करता है कक महहलाओं की भूममका केवल सहायक नहीं, बजकक तनणाियक और क्ांततकारी रही है। स्वतंत्रता संग्राम उनके मलए केवल ववदेशी शासन से मुजक्त नहीं, बजकक आत्म-चेतना, आत्मसम्मान और सामाजिक पुनरिचना का भी अवसर बना। यह चेतना आगे चलकर भारत में महहला सशजक्तकरण आंदोलन की आधारमशला बनी।
| 17 |
Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 61-69
|
Evaluating the Impact of the New National Education Policy on Student Learning Outcomes
Abstract
This paper critically examines the impact of India’s National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) on student learning outcomes. The policy introduced sweeping reforms across school and higher education, emphasising foundational literacy and numeracy, multidisciplinary learning, flexible curricula, competency based assessment, and equity of access. Drawing on policy documents and emerging empirical studies, this paper analyses how the NEP’s provisions aim to improve learning outcomes, reviews early evidence of impact and implementation challenges, and offers recommendations to enhance translation of policy into outcomes. The findings suggest that while NEP 2020 sets a promising conceptual framework, significant hurdles in governance, teacher capacity, infrastructure and measurement remain; only through robust monitoring, targeted interventions and sustained capacity building can the policy’s potential be realised.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Mangat Ram.
Page No : 66-71
|
The Expanding Indian Economy: Regional Influence and Global Reach
Abstract
India's emergence as one of the fastest-growing major economies has drawn global attention due to its transformative impact on international markets and geopolitical dynamics. With a GDP growth rate averaging 6–8% over the past decade, India has become the world’s fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). This robust growth is underpinned by several structural factors, including a young and dynamic workforce, rapid urbanization, technological innovation, improved ease of doing business, and proactive government initiatives such as Make in India, Startup India, and the Production- Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes. India’s economic rise has significant worldwide implications. Globally, it contributes to the diversification of supply chains, especially in manufacturing and pharmaceuticals, as companies seek alternatives to China. The Indian IT and services sector have cemented its role as a digital backbone for global enterprises. Additionally, India’s increasing energy demands influence international energy markets, while its large consumer base attracts multinational investments across retail, automobile, and e-commerce sectors.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Saroj Bala, Jaswant Singh .
Page No : 72-83
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भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में बंगाल की महिलाओं का योगदान: एक क्षेत्रीय अध्ययन
Abstract
बंगाल की महिलाएं भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम की एक अनदेखी ककन्तु अत्यंत मित्वपूर्ण शक्तत थीं। उन्िोंने सामाक्िक, सांस्कृततक और रािनीततक सीमाओं को पार करते िुए देश की आजादी के ललए सकिय भूलमका तनभाई। उस दौर में महिलाओं की लशक्षा और सावणितनक भागीदारी पर प्रततबंध थे, किर भी बंगाल की महिलाओं ने सामाक्िक रूह़ियों का ववरोध करते िुए लशक्षा के माध्यम से िागरूकता िैलाने में मित्वपूर्ण योगदान हदया। वे केवल पारंपररक घरेलू भूलमकाओं तक सीलमत निीं रिीं, बक्कक िांततकारी गततववधधयों, असियोग और खखलाित आंदोलनों में भी सकिय रूप से शालमल रिीं। इस प्रकार, उन्िोंने औपतनवेलशक सत्ता के खखलाि संघर्ण में अपनी तनर्ाणयक भूलमका तनभाई। इस अध्ययन में बंगाल की महिलाओं के सािस, नेतृत्व और बललदान का ववश्लेर्र् ककया गया िै, क्िनमें बसंती देवी, सरला देवी चौधरानी, बेगम रुकैया िैसी प्रमुख िक्स्तयां शालमल िैं। इनके प्रयासों ने न केवल स्वतंत्रता संग्राम को मिबूत ककया, बक्कक महिलाओं के सामाक्िक अधधकारों और समानता के ललए भी स्थायी मागण प्रशस्त ककया। साथ िी, यि शोध इस बात पर भी िोर देता िै कक स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में महिलाओं के योगदान को अब तक सिी स्थान निीं लमला िै। इसललए, उनके योगदान को इततिास की मुख्यधारा में शालमल करना और शैक्षखर्क पाठ्यिमों में स्थान देना आवश्यक िै। बंगाल की महिलाओं का संघर्ण न केवल राष्ट्रीय स्वतंत्रता के ललए प्रेरर्ा िै, बक्कक यि आि के सामाक्िक और रािनीततक पररवतणनों में भी मागणदशणक लसद्ध िोता िै।
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Author(s):
Vandana Sanadhya, Preeti Sharma.
Page No : 72-87
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कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता और पारंपरिक शिक्षा में आलोचनात्मक सोच का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण: छात्रों के दृष्टिकोण की जांच
Abstract
यह शोध कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI)-संचालित व्यक्तिगत लर्निंग वातावरणों और पारंपरिक शैक्षिक सेटिंग्स में छात्रों की आलोचनात्मक सोच क्षमताओं के विकास की तुलना करने पर केंद्रित है। वर्तमान शैक्षिक परिवेश में, जहां तकनीकी विकास तेजी से हो रहा है, AI का उपयोग लर्निंग अनुभवों को व्यक्तिगत बनाने, छात्र की क्षमता को बढ़ाने और छात्रों की सोच प्रक्रिया को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए किया जा रहा है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह मूल्यांकन करना है कि AI-आधारित लर्निंग प्रणालियाँ छात्रों की आलोचनात्मक सोच और विश्लेषणात्मक क्षमताओं को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं, और क्या पारंपरिक शिक्षा विधियाँ इन क्षमताओं के विकास में समान रूप से प्रभावी हैं। इस तुलनात्मक अध्ययन में दो प्रमुख समूहों का चयन किया गया है: पहला समूह वे छात्र हैं जो AI-आधारित लर्निंग प्रणालियों का उपयोग करते हैं, जैसे कि AI-निर्देशित ट्यूटोरियल, स्मार्ट कक्षाएं, और अन्य AI उपकरण जो छात्रों को उनकी ज़रूरत के अनुसार कस्टमाइज़ करके लर्निंग अनुभव प्रदान करते हैं। दूसरा समूह पारंपरिक कक्षाओं में पढ़ाई कर रहे छात्रों का है, जहां शिक्षक और पाठ्यक्रम की संरचना द्वारा मार्गदर्शन दिया जाता है। इन दोनों समूहों के बीच आलोचनात्मक सोच और समस्या-समाधान क्षमताओं का मूल्यांकन किया गया। इसके अतिरिक्त, इस अध्ययन में छात्रों के दृष्टिकोण की भी जांच की गई, ताकि यह समझा जा सके कि वे AI को अपनी आलोचनात्मक सोच को बढ़ाने और स्वतंत्र लर्निंग को प्रोत्साहित करने के उपकरण के रूप में कैसे देखते हैं। इसके लिए गुणात्मक डेटा एकत्र किया गया, जिसमें छात्रों से साक्षात्कार, प्रश्नावली और फोकस समूह चर्चाएँ शामिल हैं। इस डेटा से यह जानकारी प्राप्त हुई कि छात्रों ने AI को एक सहायक उपकरण के रूप में माना, जो उन्हें अधिक विश्लेषणात्मक, आलोचनात्मक और स्वतंत्र तरीके से सोचने के लिए प्रेरित करता है।
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Author(s):
Kulwant, Savita Rani.
Page No : 72-97
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Advancements and Challenges of Nanostructured Metal Oxides in Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency
Abstract
Nanostructured metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO), have gained significant attention in solar cell technology due to their unique properties, including high stability, excellent electron transport, and a large surface area for light interaction. These materials are crucial in various photovoltaic devices like dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics, where they act as electron transport layers (ETLs) or photoanodes. The manipulation of these metal oxides at the nanoscale allows for enhanced light absorption, efficient charge separation, and improved overall solar cell performance. Techniques like sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are commonly used to fabricate nanostructured TiO₂ and ZnO, each offering advantages in terms of material quality, control over structure, and scalability. The nanostructuring of metal oxides further enhances solar cell efficiency by increasing light trapping, improving charge carrier mobility, and minimizing recombination losses. However, challenges such as stability, durability, cost, scalability, and reproducibility must be addressed to fully realize their potential. Recent innovations, including hybrid nanostructures, advanced coatings, and functionalization techniques, offer promising solutions for improving the performance and longevity of these devices. The future of nanostructured metal oxides in solar cells lies in the development of sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective technologies that contribute to more efficient and eco-friendly solar energy solutions
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Author(s):
Saroj Bala, Jaswant Singh .
Page No : 84-98
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स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महिलाओं की भागीदारी का क्षेत्रीय ववश्लेषण: पूवी, पश्श्िमी, उत्तरी और दक्षक्षणी भारत की तुलना
Abstract
यह शोध पत्र भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महहलाओं की भागीदारी का क्षेत्रीय तुलनात्मक हिश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में महहलाओं की भूहमका न केिल राजनीहतक संघषष तक सीहमत थी, बल्कि िह सामाहजक, सांस्कृहतक और शैक्षहणक क्षेत्रों में भी व्यापक रूप से फैली हुई थी। पूिी भारत की महहलाएं सशस्त्र क्ांहत में अग्रणी रहीं, जबहक
पहिमी भारत की महहलाओं ने अहहंसात्मक आंदोलन और सामाहजक सुधारों के माध्यम से
योगदान हदया। उत्तरी भारत की महहलाओं ने धाहमषक और सैन्य नेतृत्व की भूहमका हनभाई, और दहक्षणी भारत की महहलाओं ने हशक्षा तथा सांस्कृहतक आंदोलनों से आंदोलन को मजबूती प्रदान की। इस शोध में हिहभन्न क्षेत्रों की महहलाओं के योगदान, उनके संघषष और प्रभािों का गहन हिश्लेषण हकया गया है, हजससे स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में नारी शल्कि की हिहिधता और सामर्थ्ष का स्पष्ट हित्र उभरता है। यह अध्ययन न केिल महहलाओं के बहुआयामी योगदान को उजागर करता है, बल्कि भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के व्यापक और समािेशी स्वरूप को भी दशाषता है।
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Author(s):
Shalini Saini.
Page No : 88-95
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CRISPR-Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for Precision Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens
Abstract
The global escalation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections necessitates the development of highly specific antimicrobial strategies. CRISPR-Cas systems enable programmable gene targeting, while lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) provide efficient intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. In this study, we engineered CRISPR-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (CRISPR-LNPs) for targeted disruption of key antibiotic resistance genes in MDR Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Cas9–sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes were encapsulated using microfluidic nanoprecipitation. The nanoparticles were characterized for size, charge, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. Antibacterial efficacy, biofilm disruption, and mammalian cytotoxicity were systematically evaluated. CRISPR-LNPs exhibited optimal nanoscale size (~100 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (>90%), and significant bacterial killing (>4 log reduction). Biofilm biomass decreased by up to 80%, while mammalian cell viability remained above 90%. These findings demonstrate that CRISPR-LNPs represent a promising precision antimicrobial platform against MDR pathogens and support further translational development.
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Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 98-106
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How NEP 2020 Integrates Sustainability and Global Citizenship into Student Learning
Abstract
The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) articulates a vision of education that goes beyond rote learning, aiming at holistic student development, global awareness and sustainable thinking. This paper analyses how NEP 2020 embeds concepts of sustainability and global citizenship into its curricular and pedagogical framework across school and higher education. It explores key policy provisions, reviews how these link with global frameworks (such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)), examines preliminary implementation challenges, and suggests ways to enhance the translation of policy into meaningful student learning outcomes. The findings indicate that NEP 2020 provides a strong conceptual basis for sustainability and global citizenship education, but its realisation depends heavily on teacher preparation, curriculum redesign, resource allocation and building student agency for global sustainability action.
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Author(s):
Saroj Bala, Jaswant Singh .
Page No : 99-111
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भारत छोडो आंदोलन में महिलाओं की भागीदारी और उसका सामाजिक पररणाम
Abstract
यह शोध पत्र 1942 के भारत छोडो आंदोलन में महहलाओं की सक्रिय भागीदारी और उसके सामाजिक प्रभावों का समग्र ववश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। भारत छोडो आंदोलन महात्मा गांधी के नेतृत्व में एक
िन-आंदोलन था, जिसने ब्रिहिश औपननवेशशक शासन के खिलाफ ‘करो या मरो’ के नारे के साथ देशव्यापी
िन-आंदोलन को गनत दी। इस आंदोलन में महहलाओं ने केवल सहायक या पृष्ठभूशम की भूशमका नहीं ननभाई, बजकक वे आंदोलन की अग्रग्रम पंजतत में शाशमल होकर साहस, बशलदान और नेतृत्व का अद्ववतीय उदाहरण प्रस्तुत क्रकया। इस शोध में यह प्रदशशित क्रकया गया है क्रक कैसे महहलाओं ने पारंपररक सामाजिक बंधनों को तोडते हुए सावििननक िीवन में प्रवेश क्रकया और स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के ववशभन्न चरणों में महत्वपूणि योगदान हदया। उनके संघषि ने भारतीय समाि में लैंग्रगक समानता और नारी सशजततकरण की हदशा में एक नई चेतना उत्पन्न की। आंदोलन के दौरान िेल की कठोर पररजस्थनतयों, ब्रिहिश दमन और सामाजिक बाधाओं के बाविूद, महहलाओं ने अपने अग्रधकारों की लडाई िारी रिी और इस प्रकार एक सामाजिक िांनत की शुरुआत की। अध्ययन में यह भी बताया गया है क्रक भारत छोडो आंदोलन के बाद स्वतंत्र भारत के संववधान में महहलाओं को समान अग्रधकार हदए गए और उनकी रािनीनतक, सामाजिक तथा आग्रथिक भागीदारी में वृद्ग्रध हुई। इस आंदोलन ने आधुननक महहला आंदोलनों के शलए एक मिबूत आधारशशला रिी, जिसने महहलाओं को समाि के हर क्षेत्र में सक्रिय भूशमका ननभाने के शलए प्रेररत क्रकया। अतः भारत छोडो आंदोलन न केवल रािनीनतक स्वतंत्रता का प्रतीक था, बजकक यह भारतीय नारी के सामाजिक िागरण और सशजततकरण का महत्वपूणि युग भी था, जिसका प्रभाव आि तक सामाजिक और सांस्कृनतक क्षेत्रों में महसूस क्रकया िाता है।
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Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 103-108
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A Comparative Study of Student Performance Before and After the Introduction of the New Education Policy (NEP 2020)
Abstract
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced transformative reforms aimed at improving the quality of education in India, with a specific focus on enhancing student learning outcomes. This paper presents a comparative study of student performance before and after the implementation of NEP 2020. By analyzing data from national surveys such as the National Achievement Survey (NAS) and other relevant sources, the study assesses whether the reforms, including the emphasis on foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN), multidisciplinary curricula, and flexible learning pathways, have translated into tangible improvements in student performance. The research highlights the areas where NEP 2020 has shown positive effects and identifies challenges in its implementation, particularly in rural and under-resourced schools. Ultimately, the findings offer insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the policy, providing recommendations for future reforms to improve learning outcomes.
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Author(s):
Mandeep Kaur, Neeraj Sethi, Sushila Kaura, Richa Mor.
Page No : 112-125
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Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Maerua oblongifolia Nanoparticles: A Study on Enhanced Antibacterial Potential
Abstract
This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of herbal nanoparticles derived from Maerua oblongifolia, a plant known for its medicinal properties. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract and characterized for size, stability, and drug entrapment efficiency. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 128.5 nm as determined by PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) and showed a zeta potential of -28.7 mV, confirming their stability. Drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 78.4%, indicating efficient loading of the bioactive compounds from Maerua oblongifolia. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against common pathogenic strains, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an observed inhibition zone of 15.2 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively. These findings suggest that Maerua oblongifolia nanoparticles possess strong antimicrobial properties, making them a promising candidate for further pharmaceutical applications.
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Author(s):
Vivek Kumar Saini, Dalip Kumar, Dilbag Singh Ahlawat.
Page No : 118-124
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Efficacy of Different Insecticides for the Management of Stem Borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) in Sorghum
Abstract
The efficacy of various insecticides on stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) in sorghum variety HC 308 was tested in a field experiment during 2016 at a farmer’s Agricultural Farm, Chandan Nagar, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment was designed in the form of a Randomized Block Design where seven treatments existed which were various doses of carbofuran 3% CG and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE). Data concerning percent plant infestation and yielding of grains were noted. The findings showed that the most effective treatment was carbofuran 3% CG @ 10 kg/ha (T3) with the lowest infestation (16.12%), and highest yield (20.52 q/ha). NSKE treatments were moderately effective with the untreated control recording the highest infestation (53.68) and lowest yield (6.76 q/ha). Infestation was considerably less than control by all treatments. The paper shows that carbofuran is the best in managing stem borers, although more environmentally friendly solutions such as NSKE can provide moderate management.
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Author(s):
Rajat Lathwal.
Page No : 126-134
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PREPARATION OF URSOLIC ACID LOADED GUM GHATTI NANOCARRIER
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, possesses promising therapeutic activities, particularly in combating cancer. However, its clinical application is significantly hindered due to poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. The present research focuses on developing a novel nanocarrier system using gum ghatti, a natural hydrophilic polymer, for encapsulating UA via nanoprecipitation. The resulting ursolic acid- loaded gum ghatti nanoparticles (UGNPs) were characterized for size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release behavior. UGNPs demonstrated a narrow size distribution ranging from 22 to 39 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 60%. The controlled and sustained drug release over 24 hours, along with stable morphology, signifies the potential of gum ghatti as an effective and eco-friendly nanocarrier system.
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Author(s):
Sonali Yadav, Kiran Bala, Basanti Brar, Sunita Joon.
Page No : 135-148
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Unveiling the Microbial Ecology and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Daucus carota (Carrot) Kanji: A Study on Traditional Fermentation and Probiotic Properties
Abstract
Kanji, a traditional fermented beverage made from Daucus carota (carrot), was produced and analyzed for
its microbiological properties, sensory characteristics, and antimicrobial activity. The preparation involved
cleaning, peeling, and chopping carrots, followed by fermentation in a non-reactive jar with water and
spices. Over a 10-day fermentation period, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly Lactobacillus plantarum
and Lactobacillus fermentum, dominated the microbial population, contributing to the development of the
characteristic tangy flavor and probiotic potential. Microbiological analysis using MRS agar showed an
increase in LAB counts, peaking at 8.2 × 10⁵ CFU/mL on Day 7. Characterization tests, including Gram
staining and catalase tests, confirmed the presence of LAB strains. The antimicrobial activity of kanji was
evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, showing significant inhibition against Gram-positive
bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, with higher concentrations of kanji
extract enhancing the antimicrobial effect. These results suggest that kanji possesses promising probiotic
and antimicrobial properties, which may be applied in food preservation and pathogen control, similar to
other fermented products like kefir and kombucha.
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Author(s):
Sunita Joon, Basanti Brar, Kiran Bala.
Page No : 149-161
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Microbial Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Aegle marmelos (Bael Fruit) Kombucha: Insights into Fermentation Dynamics and Health-Promoting Properties
Abstract
Building on previous research that explored the fermentation, antioxidant activity, total suspended solids (TSS), Vitamin C content, and phenolic compounds in Aegle marmelos (bael fruit) kombucha, this study focuses primarily on microbial characterization and antimicrobial activity. The microbial analysis identified Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the dominant yeast species and Acetobacter xylinus as the key bacterial strain responsible for fermentation. These microorganisms are integral to the formation of the SCOBY and the development of the kombucha’s distinctive bioactive profile. Additionally, the antimicrobial potential of Aegle marmelos kombucha was evaluated against common pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Significant antimicrobial activity was observed, particularly against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, confirming the antimicrobial efficacy of kombucha. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the microbial dynamics and antibacterial properties of Aegle marmelos kombucha, complementing prior findings on its antioxidant and nutritional benefits.
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Author(s):
Madhu Bala.
Page No : 162-170
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Fabrication and Assessment of Metallic Ion–Enhanced Levofloxacin Nanotherapeutics against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa necessitates the development of more effective antimicrobial interventions. In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoONPs) were synthesized, optimized, and formulated as levofloxacin-loaded nanotherapeutics to improve antibacterial efficacy. CoONPs were prepared using a chemical precipitation technique and optimized at pH 8.0 with a 0.1 M cobalt acetate precursor. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited an average diameter of 80 ± 5 nm and a drug loading efficiency of 74.5%. Comprehensive characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, XRD patterns, DLS measurements, SEM imaging, and TEM visualization confirmed successful synthesis and uniform levofloxacin incorporation. The CoONP–Levofloxacin formulation displayed a zeta potential of –25 mV, indicating strong colloidal stability. In-vitro antibacterial studies against MDR P. aeruginosa showed a significantly enhanced antimicrobial response. The CoONP–Levofloxacin nanocomposite achieved a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL, compared to 8 µg/mL for free levofloxacin. Disk diffusion assays revealed an inhibition zone of 30 ± 2 mm for the nanoparticle formulation versus 20 ± 1.5 mm for the unmodified drug. Time-kill experiments further demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity, achieving >99.9% bacterial reduction within 6 hours. These findings indicate that cobalt oxide–levofloxacin nanocomposites represent a potent and promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
